Phytochemical Investigation on The Root of Cyphostemma Adenocaule (Steud. Ex A. Rich)

Abstract

Cyphostemma adenocaule (Steud. ex A. Rich) (family: Vitaceae) is herbaceous climber plant which grows in Ethiopia and has been used as a traditional medicinal plant for the treatment of snake bite, rabies, blackleg and etc. The present study was carried out on the phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial activities on the root extract of C. adenocaule. The powdered root of plant was extracted with methanol. Then, the methanol crude extract was sequentially partitioned with organic solvents in the increasing order of polarity: petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol respectively. Phytochemical screening of C. adenocaule root was performed on methanol crude extract and shown the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, anthraquinones and glycoside compounds. The crude extracts of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol were tested in-vitro antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method. The maximum antibacterial activity was exhibitted in chloroform crude extract against S. aureus and E. coli (inhibition diameter 15 mm and 22.50 mm respectively). The solvent extraction (chloroform extract) followed by PTLC of root extract of C. adenocaule yielded one compound which was characterized as b-sitosterol using FT-IR, and NMR spectroscopic techniques and by comparing with literature reports.