Hide
Show all
Email this article In vitro organo-protective and red cells membrane stability effect of Theobroma cacao (sterculiaceae) extracts and its derivative
Abstract
Sickle cell anaemia induced free radicals formation which destabilize red blood cell membrane. This study aims to investigate the protective potential of Theobroma cacao bean extracts against ion toxicity in some organs as well as on the red blood cell membrane stability. Cocoa beans from Obala, Santchou and dark chocolate (EON, ESN, CN) were extracted in a mixture of water/ethanol. The protective activity of extracts against stress in rat liver, kidney and brain was estimated by measuring antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismustase (SOD), catalase (CAT)), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH). RBC membrane fragility of Sickle cell patients and correlations between protective parameters were also performed. Extracts increased antioxidant capacity, regulated MDA by lowering its concentration in different organs and protect the erythrocyte membrane from haemolysis. Moreover, significant correlations exist between protective parameters. Cocoa bean extracts especially EON could help in protecting organs and stabilizing RBC.
Keywords
References
Percival, M. Anti-oxidants. Clin Nutr Insight (1998) 31:1–4.
Pandey, A.K.; Mishra AK.; Mishra A. Antifungal and antioxidative potential of oil and extracts derived from leaves of Indian spice plant Cinnamomum tamala. Cell Mol Biol (2012) 58 142–147.
Mitra, J.; Guerrero E.; Hegde P. New perspectives on oxidized genome damage and repair Inhibition by pro-oxidant Metals in neurological diseases, Biomolecules (2014) 4 678–703.
Shahab, U.; Sarfraz, A. Dietary antioxidants protection against oxidative stress. Biochemical Education (1995) 23(1). 6.
Sanchez-Valle, V.; Chavez-Tapia, NC.; Uribe, M.; Mendez-Sanchez, N. Role of oxidative stress and molecular changes in liver fibrosis: A review. Curr. Med. Chem. (2012) 19 4850–4860.
Palma, H.E.; Wolkmer, P.; Gallio, M.; Correa, M.M.; Schmatz, R.; Thome, G.R.; Pereira, L.B.; Castro, V.S.; Pereira, A.B.; Bueno, A. Oxidative stress parameters in blood, liver, and kidney of diabetic rats treated with curcumin and/or insulin. Mol. Cell. Biochem. (2014) 38 199–210.
Eboh, A. Biochemistry of free radicals and antioxidants. Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences (2014) 2 110–118.
Biapa, P.C.N.; Matei, H.; Bâlici, S.; Oben, J.E.; Ngogang, J.Y. Protective effects of stem bark of Harungana madgascariensis on the red blood cell membrane. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2013) 13 9.
Aqil, F.; Ahma, I.; Mehmood, Z. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of twelve traditionally used Indian medicinal plants, Turk. J. Biol. (2006) 30 177–183.
Moukette, M.B; Pieme, C.A.; Biapa, N.P.; Njimou, J.R; Vicky Ama, M.J.; Stoller, M.; Bravi, M.; Ngogang, J.Y. Phenolic Content of Hypodaphnis Zenkeri and Its Antioxidant Effects against Fenton Reactions’ Mediated Oxidative Injuries on Liver Homogenate. Antioxidants (2014) 3 866-889; doi:10.3390/antiox3040866.
Moukette, M.B; Pieme, C.A.; Biapa, N.P.; Ngogang, J.Y. In vitro antioxidant and anti-lipoperoxidative activities of bark extracts of Xylopia aethiopica against ion-mediated toxicity on liver homogenates. J Complement Integr Med (2015) aop. DOI 10.1515/jcim-2015-0002.
Moukette, M.B; Pieme, C.A.; Biapa, N.P.; Njimou, J.R; Vicky Ama, M.J.; Stoller, M.; Bravi, M.; Ngogang, J.Y. In Vitro Ion Chelating, Antioxidative Mechanism of Extracts from Fruits and Barks of Tetrapleura tetraptera and Their Protective Effects against Fenton Mediated Toxicity of Metal Ions on Liver Homogenates. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, (2015) Article ID 423689, 14 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/423689
Tankeu, F.N.; Pieme, C.A.; Biapa, N.P.; Njimou, J.R; Bruno Moukette Moukette , Chianese, A.; Ngogang, J.Y. In vitro organo-protective effect of bark extracts from Syzygium guineense var macrocarpum against ferric-nitrilotriacetateinduced stress in wistar rats homogenates. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2016) 16 315. DOI 10.1186/s12906-016-1263-1
Tankeu, F.N.; Pieme, C.A.; Biapa, N.P.; Njimou, J.R; Bruno Moukette Moukette , Chianese, A.; Ngogang, J.Y. Organo-protective and antioxidant properties of leaf extracts of Syzygium guineense var macrocarpum against ferric nitriloacetate-induced stress of Wistar rats. J Complement Integr Med (2017) 14(1). doi: 10.1515/jcim-2015-0086.
Biapa, N.P.; Oben, J.E.; Ngogang, J.Y. Scavenging radical kinetic and Antianaemic Screening Properties of some Medicinal Plants used in Cameroon. International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products (2011) 4(1) 29-35.
Biapa, N.P.; Matei H.; Bâlici, Ş.; Oben, J.E.; Ngogang, J.Y. Protective effects of stem bark of Harungana madgascariensis on the red blood cell membrane. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 13(98), 2013. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882.
Nanfack, P.; Biapa, N.P.; Pieme, C.A.; Ama M.V.; Moukette, M.B.; Ngogang Y.J. The in vitro antisickling and antioxidant effects of aqueous extracts Zanthoxyllum heitzii on sickle cell disorder. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2013),13 162.
Nguelewou F. Evaluation in vitro des effets antifalcémiants et antioxydants des extraits hydro-éthanoliques de Theobroma cacao et du chocolat noir. Mémoire de Master soutenue à l’Université de Dschang. (2016) ; French
Giovanni, C.; Dennis, F.; Filippo, M.; Marcello, N.; Massimo, R.; Chiara, T.; Biapa, P.; Sauro, V.; Gianni, S. Nutritional composition, bioactive compounds and volatile profile of cocoa beans from different regions of Cameroon. International Journal Of Food Sciences and Nutrition (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2016.1170769.
Andújar I.; Recio M.C.; Giner R.M.; RÃos J.L. Cocoa Polyphenols and Their Potential Benefits for Human Health. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (2012) 1–23.
Ackar D.; Lendıc K.V.; Valek M.; Subaric D.; Milicevic B.; Babic J.; Nedic I. Cocoa polyphenols: can we consider cocoa and chocolate as potential functional foods. Journal of Chemistry (2013) 1–7.
Spadafranca A.; MartÃnez-Conesa C.; Sirini S.; Testolin G. Effect of dark chocolate on plasma epicatechin levels, DNA resistance to oxidative stress and total antioxidant activity in healthy subjects. British Journal of Nutrition (2010) 103(7): 1008–1014.
Kumar S.; Mishra A.; and Pandey A.K. “Antioxidant mediated protective effect of Parthenium hysterophorus against oxidative damage using in vitro models,†BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2013) 13, 120.
Gupta V.; Sharma, M. “Protective effect of Cinnamomum tamala on lipid peroxide formation in isolated rat liver homogenate,†Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences (2010) 2 246–249.
Sinha A.K. “Colorimetric assay of catalase,†Analytical Biochemistry 47 389–394, 1972.
Misra, H.; Fridovich, I. “Estimation of superoxide dismutase,†Journal of Biochemistry (1972) 247 3170–3178.
Jaja, S., Kehinde, M., Ghenebitse, S.; Mojiminyi, A. (2000). Effect of vitamin C on arterial blood pressure, irreversible sickled cells and osmotic fragility in sickle cell anaemia subjets. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences. 16(2): 14-18.
Koedrith, P.; Seo, Y.R. “Advances in carcinogenic metal toxicity and potential molecularmarkers,†International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2011) 12 (12), 9576–9595.
Sundaram, S.; Kanniappan, G.V; Kannappan, P. Enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidant activity of Tabernaemontana divaricata R. Br. against DEN and Fe-NTA induced renal damage in wistar albino rats. J Appl Pharm Sci. (2015) 5 033–7.
Devasagayam, T.P.; Tilak, J.C.; Boloor, K.K.; Sane, K.S.; Ghaskadbi, S.S.; Lele, R.D. Free radicals and antioxidants in human health: current status and future prospects. JAPI (2004) 52 794–804.
Smirnoff, N. Antioxidant systems and plant response to the environment. In Environment and plant metabolism: flexibility and acclimation. Edited by Smirnoff N. BIOS Scientific Publishers: Oxford; 1995: 217–243.
Kumar, S.; Mishra, A.; Pandey, A.K. Antioxidant mediated protective effect of Parthenium hysterophorus against oxidative damage using in vitro models. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. (2013) 13:1-20.
Matés, J.M.; Segura, J.M.; Pérez-Gómez, C. Antioxidant enzymatic activities in human blood cells after an allergic reaction to pollen or house dust mite. Blood Cell Mol Dis. (1999) 25(7):103–109.
Spadafranca, A.; MartÃnez-Conesa, C.; Sirini, S.; Testolin, G.. Effect of dark chocolate on plasma epicatechin levels, DNA resistance to oxidative stress and total antioxidant activity in healthy subjects. British Journal of Nutrition, (2010) 103(7) 1008–1014.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1403748
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2018 Prosper Biapa
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
All open access articles published in AJNP are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- 4.0 International License
The research works published in this journal are free to be accessed. They can be shared (copied and redistributed in any medium or format) and\or adapted (remixed, transformed, and built upon the material for any purpose, commercially and\or not commercially) under the following terms: attribution (appropriate credit must be given indicating original authors, research work name and publication name mentioning if changes were made) and without adding additional restrictions (without restricting others from doing anything the actual license permits). Authors retain the full copyright of their published research works and cannot revoke these freedoms as long as the license terms are followed.